B.RAMAN
Barkha Dutt’s We The People Show on NDTV on the
night of August 26,2012, had an interesting and topical live debate on Internet
Censorship. It was well-formatted and well-conducted with some good
interventions and had the inimitable
professional stamp of Barkha. Kudos to her .
2. However, as pointed out by me in my tweeted
feed-back to Barkha, the security perspective was missing. We had a plethora of
non-Governmental perspectives, with Governmental security perspectives largely
kept out. Even among non-Governmental experts, those dealing with national security issues were
conspicuous by their absence.
3.Three points made during the debate were
untenable and remained unchallenged since there were no security experts among
the participants. I will confine my present remarks only to those points for
the benefit of my loyal readers and followers.
4. The first point, which made an instant appeal to
Barkha’s people, was that the best way of countering disinformation and rumours
is through a proactive Government dissemination of correct information. Sounds
beautiful, but it was an over-simplistic argument by someone who had not
studied religious, racial and communal violence all over the world since
religion was born.
5.Most incidents of religious and communal violence
are due to inflamed passions triggered off partly by real incidents and partly
by exaggerated accounts of the real incidents spread through rumours and
disinformation. Psychological experts will tell you that when religious
passions are aroused, people tend to
believe the version of the religious clergy and not that of the Government.
6. That is why all over the world---in democracies
as well as in dictatorial societies--- the laws give the police prohibitory
powers to prevent people from assembling in the streets and adding to the
passions through word of mouth or
printed or hand-written literature. Examples of such prohibitory powers are
Section 144 and Curfew.
7. The standard drill for dealing with religious
and communal passions all over the world is prohibit people from assembling in
the streets and places of worship, make spreading of rumours criminal and seize
literature tending to add to the passions. Through these measures, the Police
and the security forces prevent the
passions from aggravating and give a window of manoeuvrability to the political leaders and
the leaders of the communities to explain the correct facts and bring down the
passions. Once they succeed, the prohibitory orders are lifted.
8. The conventional prohibitory powers enacted about 150 years ago to prevent an aggravation
of religious and communal passions
cannot be applied to the Internet and its social networking sites when they are
sought to be misused to disseminate exaggerated accounts and rumours. Special
powers and special action are necessary to control the fanning of passions
through the Net and social networking sites. Such powers have been given to law
and order authorities all over the world. These powers relate to Net
surveillance and action to block or jam sites tending to inflame passions
temporarily till the aggravation of passions is prevented and the political and
community leaders are able to cool it by disseminating correct information.
9. The dissemination of disinformation, rumours and
morphed images alleging commission of atrocities on the Rohingya Muslims in the
Rakhine State of Myanmar started in July. The Myanmar Government detected such
dissemination within two weeks and brought it to the notice of not only its
Muslim residents, but also the
Governments of the OIC member-States. Its version of the true facts is not
accepted even today either by the Rohingyas or by the OIC states. What other
option it has but to block the offending sites till passions come down?
10. The unconventional digital prohibitory powers
are not meant to be used permanently. They are meant to be used temporarily till
passions come down and the circulation of rumours subsides. In my Articles on
the violence in the Rakhine State of Myanmar and in Assam, I have been
advocating an avoidance of over-reaction which could aggravate the Muslim anger
and calibrated blocking of Net sites to control passions of Muslims and calm
down the panic of the people from the North-East.
11. In a tweet to me, Barkha said she found my
feed-back confusing. She said: ‘Sir, you are criticising me for not
inviting the MHA, but you yourself
criticised their blocking.” I advocated
the blocking of the sites of the ill-wishers of the State and criticised the
blocking of the well-wishers like Kanchan Gupta, the journalist. Even though I
did not agree with the MHA’s assessment on many points, I did feel that We The
People had as much right to know the views of the MHA as it had to know the
views of people like Kabir Bedi, the film-actor.
12. I want to challenge two points made by Shri Jay
Panda, the highly respected political leader of Orissa. He claimed that there
has been no act of terrorism in the US after 9/11.Incorrect. There has been no
act of catastrophic terrorism in the US after 9/11, but there have been sub-catastrophic acts of terrorism and attempted
terrorism even after 9/11.Examples:The attempted plane bombing by a shoe bomber
(prevented by an alert air hostess), the attempted explosion on board a Detroit-bound
plane (prevented by an alert passenger),
the attempted explosion in Times Sq , New York, by a Taliban-trained Pakistani
(prevented by an alert pedestrian), the shooting down of a number of US
soldiers by a follower of a US Muslim cleric of Yemeni origin, who subsequently
became the head of the Yemen branch of
Al Qaeda and was killed in a Drone Strike in Yemen last year.
13.There have been terrorist attacks and attempted
terrorist acts in the US even after 9/11 but they were prevented from assuming catastrophic
proportions, inter alia, by the National Counter-Terrorism Centre (NCTC) of the
US set up by an enlightened political leadership of the US in 2004.Shri Navin
Patnaik, the Chief Minister of Orissa, has been in the forefront of Chief Ministers
opposing the NCTC even in a modified form.
14. I am sick and tired of people who keep claiming
that there has been no terrorism in the US after 9/11, whereas terrorists
continue to be active in India. I would like to pose the following questions to
Shri Panda and others of Barkha’s people:
( a ).India has the world’s second largest Muslim
population. How many are there in the US?
( b ). India is next door to the world’s epicentre
of jihadi terrorism. How far away is the US from this epicentre?
( c ).After 9/11, US Congressmen have willingly
given their counter-terrorism agencies new powers and new capabilities like the
NCTC to deal with jihadi terrorism. Shri Panda, how many have you and your ilk
given us?
( d ).In the US, arrested jihadi suspects are
treated like war criminals seeking to wage war against the US and detained in
the military detention centre at Guantanamo Bay. Shri Panda, you don’t even
allow us to keep them for interrogation in our Police Stations for a few days.
( e).Shri Panda,Shri Kabir Bedi and other Barkha’s
people:In the third ban notification issued by the Department of Communications
and IT , about 18 Tweeter handles were ordered to be blocked. Of these,I
understand, only one is that of a Muslim. The remaining are all of Hindus. Do
you mean to say that only Hindus tweet and Muslims don’t. None of you had the intellectual honesty to
draw attention to this during the debate.
15.Shri Panda also claimed that such special
digital prohibitory powers are given only to the security forces in India and
that the security forces in other democracies do not seek such powers.
16. On April 25,2012, the
British media reported as follows: “A suggestion has been put forward by Sir
David Ormand, the former head of the UK’s intelligence gathering centre GCHQ,
urging UK government that social media sites should be covered strictly. Terrorist
and criminals elements use social websites like Facebook and Twitter to achieve
their heinous objectives, according to Ormand. He said that the responsible
authorities should keep the suspects under constant surveillance. The former
intelligence officer was of the view that individual accounts should be hacked
if necessary, but added this should only be done under special circumstances. “Social
media is how people are talking to each other,” he said. There have been
reports that Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden are using social media to
communicate,” and Mr Omand said that in such circumstances the authorities need
to be able to gain access to private accounts.”
17. Similarly, in the US, intelligence and
counter-terrorism agencies have many more powers for Net surveillance and
counter-action than we have in India.
18. Despite my criticism, I compliment Barkha for
having this debate live and at short notice. I appreciate how difficult it
would have been to organise this live and in a co-ordinated and time-bound
manner. Her team headed by Ruby Dingra, the producer, deserve equal credit.
19.The debate drew attention to the lack of professionalism
in our Net surveillance architecture, our weak-data base of threats of digital
origin, our weak machinery for follow-up action on perceived threats, our weak
analytical capability in matters relating to criminal misuse of the Net and the weak co-ordination between the MHA
and the intelligence agencies on the one side and the Department of
Communications and IT on the other.
20. Till now, our focus has largely been on action
required to meet threats of a military and para-military nature arising from
State actors through the cyber space. The recent events have shown the need for equal focus on
strengthening our capability to meet non-conventional threats of a
psychological nature from indigenous and foreign non-State actors.
21. Barkha’s show
drew attention to some of these aspects in a lucid manner for which she
has to be complimented. However, some of us in the national security
community----serving and retired---could not help forming a suspicion that the
show was influenced to some extent by cronyism, but unfortunately that is
becoming the order of the day in our TV world. (28-8-12)
(The writer
is Additional Secretary (retd), Cabinet Secretariat, Govt. of India, New Delhi,
and, presently, Director, Institute For Topical Studies, Chennai, and Associate
of the Chennai Centre For China Studies. E-mail: seventyone2@gmail.com Twitter @SORBONNE75)
